LIPPSTADT

TRANSLATION OF CARTOUCHE TEXT: Although the town of Lippe is subject to the Counts of Lippe, nevertheless half of it was once ceded to the Counts of Mark, so that now they have equal rights of ownership with the Counts of Lippe; the town makes its living from agriculture and draws lucrative benefits from the River Lippe.

The engraving shows Lippstadt from the north, which lies on the River Lippe. The bustling trade routes are a prominent feature. The town was built in the second half of the 12th century at the same time as the Romanesque church of St Nicholas, and was fortified from the start. On the right is the Augustinian convent of St Mary, identifiable by the thin spire of its collegiate church. Around 1198 St Mary's quarter was added in the north, and included the parish church of St Mary, the city's landmark today. Lippstadt was granted a municipal charter in 1220 and was one of the founding members of the Hanseatic League. Braun gives no description in his atlas of this city in North Rhine-Westphalia, which has been known as Lippstadt since the 17th century.

DORTMUND

COMMENTARY BY BRAUN: "This country of the Holy Roman Empire, with th city of Dortmund in the middle of it, is one of those territories that are under the direct authority of the Roman Emperor as their liege lord. In the old days the Swabian peoples called it Trutmannen/Tromannia, later Tremonia, and in the common vernacular it is called Dortmund."

In this view of Dortmund from the north the churches are larger than life-size, and among them the church of St Reinold stands out in particular. The city is first mentioned in the 9th century AD. Like Soest it lay on the Hellweg, a major road running from west to east. Dortmund was granted a municipal charter in 1202, and played a model role as the principal Westphalian Hanseatic city. Besides being a centre of long-distance trade, the city developed a cloth industry and coal was mined from the beginning of the 14th century. (Taschen)

Braun G. & Hogenberg F. and the Civitates Orbis Terrarum.

The Civitates Orbis Terrarum, also known as the 'Braun & Hogenberg', is a six-volume town atlas and the most excellent book of town views and plans ever published: 363 engravings, sometimes beautifully coloured. It was one of the best-selling works in the last quarter of the 16th century. Georg Braun, a skilled writer, wrote the text accompanying the plans and views on the verso. Many plates were engraved after the original drawings of a professional artist, Joris Hoefnagel (1542-1600). The first volume was published in Latin in 1572 and the sixth in 1617. Frans Hogenberg, a talented engraver, created the tables for volumes I through IV, and Simon van den Neuwel made those for volumes V and VI. Other contributors were cartographers Daniel Freese and Heinrich Rantzau, who provided valuable geographical information. Works by Jacob van Deventer, Sebastian Münster, and Johannes Stumpf were also used as references. Translations appeared in German and French, making the atlas accessible to a wider audience.

Since its original publication of volume 1 in 1572, the Civitates Orbis Terrarum has left an indelible mark on the history of cartography. The first volume was followed by seven more editions in 1575, 1577, 1582, 1588, 1593, 1599, and 1612. Vol.2, initially released in 1575, saw subsequent editions in 1597 and 1612. The subsequent volumes, each a treasure trove of historical insights, graced the world in 1581, 1588, 1593, 1599, and 1606. The German translation of the first volume, a testament to its widespread appeal, debuted in 1574, followed by the French edition in 1575.

Several printers were involved: Theodor Graminaeus, Heinrich von Aich, Gottfried von Kempen, Johannis Sinniger, Bertram Buchholtz, and Peter von Brachel, all of whom worked in Cologne.

Georg Braun (1541-1622)

Georg Braun, the author of the text accompanying the plans and views in the Civitates Orbis Terrarum, was born in Cologne in 1541. After his studies in Cologne, he entered the Jesuit Order as a novice, indicating his commitment to learning and intellectual pursuits. In 1561, he obtained his bachelor's degree; in 1562, he received his Magister Artium, further demonstrating his academic achievements. Although he left the Jesuit Order, he continued his studies in theology, gaining a licentiate in theology. His theological background likely influenced the content and tone of the text in the Civitates Orbis Terrarum, adding a unique perspective to the work.

Frans Hogenberg (1535-1590)

Frans Hogenberg was a Flemish and German painter, engraver, and mapmaker. He was born in Mechelen as the son of Nicolaas Hogenberg.

By the end of the 1560s, Frans Hogenberg was employed upon Abraham Ortelius's Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, published in 1570; he is named an engraver of numerous maps. In 1568, he was banned from Antwerp by the Duke of Alva and travelled to London, where he stayed a few years before emigrating to Cologne. He immediately embarked on his two most important works, the Civitates, published in 1572 and the Geschichtsblätter, which appeared in several series from 1569 until about 1587.

Thanks to large-scale projects like the Geschichtsblätter and the Civitates, Hogenberg's social circumstances improved with each passing year. He died as a wealthy man in Cologne in 1590.